Role of radiation therapy in clinical hormonally-active pituitary adenomas: an update of their efficacy and safetyGelareh Zadeh1, Soroush Larjani2, Idara Edem2, Boris Krischek2, Richard Tsang21Toronto, Canada 2University of Toronto Keywords: pituitary adenoma, Cushing's disease, Radiation Therapy, outcome, acromegalyInteractive Manuscript
Ask Questions of this Manuscript:
What is the background behind your study?
Radiation therapy is used for all types of pituitary tumors.
What is the purpose of your study?
The purpose of this study is to assess the outcome of radiation therapy
(RT) as observed in the treatment of hormonally-active and inactive
pituitary adenomas. An emphasis is placed on identifying potential
prognostic factors, determining the control rate after radiation and
evaluating late toxicity.
Describe your patient group.
From 1997 to 2010, 125 patients with pituitary adenomas received RT, 35
of which were hormonally-active pituitary adenomas. The median age was
52 (range 28-79), with 21 females and 14 males for the hormonally-active
patients. There were 18 patients with growth hormone secreting, 5
prolactinoma and 12 with Cushing’s disease. The median follow-up was 2.2
years.
Describe what you did.
Tumor control was defined as normalization of basal hormone level and lack of progression of adenoma assessed by imaging studies. The variables assessed for tumor control were: age, sex, tumor type, tumor extension, radiation dose and radiation field size.
Describe your main findings.
Radiotherapy resulted in stable outcome in 95% of patients with inactive pituitary adenomas. Stable outcome was seen in 74% of hormonally-active patients with 24% not requiring any further drug therapy. Hypopitutiarism in one or more axis was observed in 52% of the cases with inactive pituitary adenomas and 29% of the cases with hormonally-active disease. One patient died due to development of pituitary carcinoma. Cause-specific survival rate were 97% during the course of the study. None of the prognostic factors for tumor control were found to be significant. On univariante and multivariante analysis none of the factors investigated where identified as predictors of response to RT.
Describe the main limitation of this study.
This was a retrospective study.
Describe your main conclusion.
Post-operative RT is indeed effective in gaining tumor control and thus nullifying the space-occupying effects of hormonally active pituitary adenomas. However, RT falls short in the sphere of biochemical control, which is observed in less than half of the cohort in our study. In terms of acute and late effects of RT, data from our study supports the previously well documented adverse effects, with new-onset hypopituitarism as the most frequent complication.
Describe the importance of your findings and how they can be used by others.
No patient experienced radiation optic neuropathy or CNS malignancy in
the field of radiation. No predictors of adverse radiation effects were
identified.
Radiation therapy is used for all types of pituitary tumors.
The purpose of this study is to assess the outcome of radiation therapy
(RT) as observed in the treatment of hormonally-active and inactive
pituitary adenomas. An emphasis is placed on identifying potential
prognostic factors, determining the control rate after radiation and
evaluating late toxicity.
From 1997 to 2010, 125 patients with pituitary adenomas received RT, 35
of which were hormonally-active pituitary adenomas. The median age was
52 (range 28-79), with 21 females and 14 males for the hormonally-active
patients. There were 18 patients with growth hormone secreting, 5
prolactinoma and 12 with Cushing’s disease. The median follow-up was 2.2
years.
Tumor control was defined as normalization of basal hormone level and lack of progression of adenoma assessed by imaging studies. The variables assessed for tumor control were: age, sex, tumor type, tumor extension, radiation dose and radiation field size.
Radiotherapy resulted in stable outcome in 95% of patients with inactive pituitary adenomas. Stable outcome was seen in 74% of hormonally-active patients with 24% not requiring any further drug therapy. Hypopitutiarism in one or more axis was observed in 52% of the cases with inactive pituitary adenomas and 29% of the cases with hormonally-active disease. One patient died due to development of pituitary carcinoma. Cause-specific survival rate were 97% during the course of the study. None of the prognostic factors for tumor control were found to be significant. On univariante and multivariante analysis none of the factors investigated where identified as predictors of response to RT.
This was a retrospective study.
Post-operative RT is indeed effective in gaining tumor control and thus nullifying the space-occupying effects of hormonally active pituitary adenomas. However, RT falls short in the sphere of biochemical control, which is observed in less than half of the cohort in our study. In terms of acute and late effects of RT, data from our study supports the previously well documented adverse effects, with new-onset hypopituitarism as the most frequent complication.
No patient experienced radiation optic neuropathy or CNS malignancy in
the field of radiation. No predictors of adverse radiation effects were
identified.
Project Roles:
G. Zadeh (), S. Larjani (), I. Edem (), B. Krischek (), R. Tsang ()
